Umber can be thought of as an ocher in which more or less large parts of the iron oxide have been replaced by manganese dioxide. The higher the manganese content, the darker the coloration. The most artistically valuable umber varieties come from Cyprus, others from Italy, England or Germany.

• Chemical description: Natural brown umber. Pigment Brown 8, C.I. 77727
• Lightfastness - thinned: 8 (1 is bad, 8 is best)
• Lightfastness - medium: 8 (1 is bad, 8 is best)
• Lightfastness - concentrated: 8 (1 is bad, 8 is best)
• ColorIndex: PBr 8.77727
• Suitability: Acrylics, Cement / Tadelakt, Ceramic, Lime / Fresco, Oil, Silicate binder, Waterglass, Tempera, Watercolor / Gouache
• Colors: Brown
• Forms: powder
• Solubility in water: insoluble

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